Foundations & behaviour change · Both–and
OWL Studio · standalone DBT skills library
Explore the full DBT skills map.
Move through the four core modules and the foundations beneath them. Every skill opens into an introduction, everyday example, guidance on when to use it and a small practice.
Both are needed.
The organising idea
Acceptance and change work together.
Mindfulness and Distress Tolerance lean toward acceptance. Emotion Regulation and Interpersonal Effectiveness lean toward change. Foundations help you understand what happened and select skills deliberately.
Start with the moment
What do you need a skill to do?
These are shortcuts into the full catalogue. They do not replace a safety plan or clinical recommendation.
From learning to action
Connect a DBT module with a practical hub.
Choose the module you are using, then open a focused tool for the situation in front of you.
Match anxiety and low-mood levels with a concrete behavioural path.
Open practical hub →Read body cuesBody Sensation MapLocate and describe a sensation before deciding what it means.
Open practical hub →Return to nowMindfulness CentreChoose a short grounding, noticing, movement or everyday-mindfulness practice.
Open practical hub →Observe the bodyBody Sensation MapPractise describing location, quality and intensity without judgement.
Open practical hub →Pause an urgeUrge SurfingUse a guided two, five or fifteen-minute pause before acting.
Open practical hub →Lower the alarmPanic & Body AlarmCheck safety and respond to a familiar panic wave or frightening sensation.
Open practical hub →Name and expressEmotion WheelConnect an emotion with body signals, action urge and healthy expression.
Open practical hub →Build momentumBehavioural ActivationChoose one achievable activity when low energy or avoidance is in the way.
Open practical hub →Ask or set a limitAssertive CommunicationBuild a clear request, refusal, boundary, response or repair script.
Open practical hub →Find a middle pathInterpersonal EffectivenessHold both perspectives and build a workable, values-aligned solution.
Open practical hub →Complete catalogue
Every skill in one searchable place.
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00Foundations & behaviour changeBoth acceptance and change
5 skills
Both acceptance and change
Foundations & behaviour change
Validation
Communicate that an experience makes sense in its context without necessarily agreeing with every conclusion or behaviour.Foundations & behaviour change
Behaviour chain analysis
Map the links that led from vulnerability and prompting event to thoughts, feelings, urges, actions and consequences.Foundations & behaviour change
Solution analysis
Choose specific skills for the points in a behaviour chain where a different response could reduce risk or improve the outcome.Foundations & behaviour change
Diary card and skills tracking
Record urges, target behaviours, emotions and skill use briefly enough to reveal patterns across days.01MindfulnessAcceptance-oriented
7 skills
Acceptance-oriented
Mindfulness
Wise Mind
Integrate emotional knowing and reasonable thinking into a grounded sense of what is effective now.Mindfulness · What skill
Observe
Notice sensations, thoughts, feelings and events without immediately pushing away, holding on or acting.Mindfulness · What skill
Describe
Put factual words on what you observe while separating events from interpretations and assumptions.Mindfulness · What skill
Participate
Enter fully into the activity of the moment rather than standing outside it in self-conscious evaluation.Mindfulness · How skill
Nonjudgmental stance
Describe what is happening and its consequences without adding labels of good, bad, worthless or unfair as if they were facts.Mindfulness · How skill
One-mindfully
Do one thing at a time with attention in the present task rather than splitting attention across past, future and multiple activities.Mindfulness · How skill
Effectively
Focus on what works for your goals and the real situation rather than proving a point, being right or following rigid rules.02Distress ToleranceAcceptance-oriented
11 skills
Acceptance-oriented
Distress Tolerance · Crisis survival
STOP
Interrupt impulsive action: stop, step back, observe and proceed mindfully.Distress Tolerance · Crisis survival
Pros and Cons
Compare the short- and long-term consequences of acting on a crisis urge versus using skills.Distress Tolerance · Body-based crisis skill
TIP
Use temperature, brief intense movement and paced breathing or paired muscle relaxation to reduce extreme physiological arousal.Distress Tolerance · Crisis survival
Wise Mind ACCEPTS
Use safe temporary distraction through activities, contribution, comparison, different emotions, pushing away briefly, thoughts or sensations.Distress Tolerance · Crisis survival
Self-soothe through the senses
Use sight, sound, smell, taste, touch and body awareness to offer the nervous system safe, compassionate sensory input.Distress Tolerance · Crisis survival
IMPROVE the Moment
Shift the quality of a painful moment using imagery, meaning, reflection or prayer, relaxation, one thing, a brief vacation or encouragement.Distress Tolerance · Reality acceptance
Radical Acceptance
Acknowledge reality as it is in this moment, with mind and body, so energy is no longer spent fighting facts that have already occurred.Distress Tolerance · Reality acceptance
Turning the Mind
Notice rejection of reality and repeatedly turn back toward acceptance, as often as the mind turns away.Distress Tolerance · Reality acceptance
Willingness over wilfulness
Do what the situation calls for wholeheartedly, replacing refusal, control battles or giving up with effective participation.Distress Tolerance · Reality acceptance
Half-smile and Willing Hands
Use a small relaxed facial expression and open hands to practise a bodily posture of willingness rather than resistance.Distress Tolerance · Reality acceptance
Mindfulness of Current Thoughts
Notice thoughts as passing mental events rather than facts, commands or permanent parts of identity.03Emotion RegulationChange-oriented
13 skills
Change-oriented
Emotion Regulation
Understand the emotion model
See emotion as a whole sequence involving prompts, interpretations, body changes, expression, action urges and after-effects.Emotion Regulation
Observe and describe emotions
Name the emotion and its components accurately without becoming the emotion or judging yourself for having it.Emotion Regulation
Understand what emotions do
Recognise that emotions communicate, motivate action and signal information while still requiring a facts-and-effectiveness check.Emotion Regulation
Check the Facts
Compare the emotion-driving interpretation with observable facts, alternatives and the actual probability or scale of threat.Emotion Regulation
Opposite Action
When an emotion or its intensity does not fit the facts—or acting on it is ineffective—act fully opposite to its unhelpful urge.Emotion Regulation
Problem Solving
When emotion fits a real, changeable problem, define it, generate options, choose a solution, act and evaluate.Emotion Regulation · ABC PLEASE
Accumulate positive experiences now
Deliberately include small pleasant, meaningful or connecting experiences in the short term instead of waiting for them to happen.Emotion Regulation · Values and priorities
Build positive experiences long term
Identify values, choose one priority and take repeated small actions that build a life with more meaning over time.Emotion Regulation · ABC PLEASE
Build Mastery
Do something that creates competence, progress or accomplishment, gradually increasing the challenge.Emotion Regulation · ABC PLEASE
Cope Ahead
Rehearse a likely difficult situation and the exact skills you will use so the response is more available under stress.Emotion Regulation · Reduce vulnerability
PLEASE
Attend to physical illness, balanced eating, mood-altering substances, sleep and appropriate exercise to reduce biological vulnerability.Emotion Regulation
Mindfulness of Current Emotion
Experience the emotion as a changing body-and-mind event without suppressing it, feeding it or acting automatically on its urge.Emotion Regulation · Troubleshooting
Manage extreme emotions
Use a pre-agreed sequence when arousal is too high for ordinary emotion-change skills: safety, crisis survival, support, then review.04Interpersonal EffectivenessChange-oriented
10 skills
Change-oriented
Interpersonal Effectiveness
Clarify interpersonal priorities
Decide the relative priority of your objective, the relationship and self-respect before choosing how to communicate.Interpersonal Effectiveness · Get an objective
DEAR MAN
Describe, express, assert and reinforce; stay mindful, appear confident and negotiate to make a clear request or refusal.Interpersonal Effectiveness · Keep the relationship
GIVE
Be gentle, interested, validating and use an easy manner when the relationship is an important priority.Interpersonal Effectiveness · Keep self-respect
FAST
Be fair, avoid unnecessary apologies, stick to values and be truthful when self-respect is the priority.Interpersonal Effectiveness · How strongly?
Choose request or refusal intensity
Match how firmly you ask or say no to priorities, capability, authority, relationship, rights, timing and reciprocity.Interpersonal Effectiveness
Identify what blocks effectiveness
Check whether missing skills, worry thoughts, emotion, indecision, environment or myths about relationships are interfering.Interpersonal Effectiveness
Mindfulness of others
Attend to the person in front of you with curiosity, returning from assumptions, self-monitoring and divided attention.Interpersonal Effectiveness
Find and build relationships
Increase opportunities for contact, approach gradually, show interest and allow repeated ordinary interactions to build familiarity.Interpersonal Effectiveness
Attend to and repair relationships
Notice problems early, make time, communicate directly, reinforce helpful behaviour and repair ruptures before resentment accumulates.Interpersonal Effectiveness